Infinitivos. teoria y ejecicios que incluyen su uso.

El infinitivo inglés va normalmente precedido de la partícula 'to':
To be / ser
To run / correrTo speak / hablar
El infinitivo expresa el significado del verbo de una manera general, sin referencia a tiempo alguno.
Además del infinitivo simple, como 'to speak', también hay infinitivos progresivo ('to be speaking'), perfectos ('to have spoken') y pasivos ('to be spoken')
USOS DEL INFINITIVO
- El infinitivo puede ser usado solo o como parte de una frase de infinitivo.We began to run / Empezamos a correr
- Puede ser sujeto o complemento en una expresión u oración
To save money now seems impossible / Ahorrar ahora parece imposibleI'ts good to see you / Me alegro de verte
The worse thing is to panic / Lo peor es tener pánico
- Puede expresar un deber u obligación cuando sigue al verbo to be
You are not to smoke here / No debe fumar aquí
- Puede expresar un propósito o la razón por la que alguien hace algo.
He went to England to learn English / Fueron a Inglaterra a aprender inglés.
Craig went to the supermarket to buy some chocolate.
Craig fue al supermercado a comprar chocolate.NOT ( for to buy / for buying / for buy )
- Puede ser el complemento u objeto de un verbo, nombre o adjectivo.
She wants to pay / Ella quiere pagarHis plan is to keep us in suspense / Su plan es mantenernos en suspense
I had the privilege to work with Mr. Taggart / Tuve el privilegio de trabajar con el señor Taggart
I'm very pleased to meet you / Encantado de conocerle
Craig's very fortunate to have such good friends / Craig tiene mucha suerte de tener tan buenos amigos
- Puede ser usado (sin 'to') después de 'do' o de un verbo  modal auxiliar como 'must', 'may', 'might', etc.
Do you live alone? / ¿Vives solo?
I might go to the pub after dinner / Quizás vaya al pub después de la cena
- Hay verbos en inglés que pueden tener detrás el objeto y luego un verbo en infinitivo (con ‘to’).

Tell I told you to wash your hands. NOT I told you that you wash your hands.
Invite 
She invited me to go to her party. NOT She invited me that I go to her party.
Allow
They didn’t allow us to smoke in their office. NOT They didn’t allow that we smoke in their office.


a continuación encontrarn Likns donde poner en practica los "infinitivos"

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-gerund/exercises?03

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/infinitive1/index.php

non-prose reading / prose reading

in the following pics we`re goint to watch some examples of a kind of languague used to express a message on english. pay attention to everyone and try to explain me what kind of produt they sells

1.

2.

3.

well in this case you will extrapoled it the menssge from the context.

in the following text you are goint to read a text an try to explain it meaning on spanish with out traslating.

Bionic legs designed by two Scottish engineers have been approved for sale in the UK for people who have difficulty walking.

Rex robotic legs were developed by old school-friends from Fort William, Richard Little and Robert Irving.

The pair now live in New Zealand and started work on the project eight years ago after Robert was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

Rex Bionics is among a handful of firms who have created exoskeletons.

After diagnose Robert faced a future, like his mother and Richard's mother, using a wheelchair.

"There's a lot of secondary complications with using a wheelchair," Richard Little explained.

"Because you're not using your legs and standing and walking, there's a load of medical complications that come with that.

"So we thought we'd do something different. We would get people back on their feet again."

use the comments space to explain me.

execises about gerunds and infinitives ....

 please follow the links to do the exercises and practice for the next exam

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-gerund/exercises?07

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-gerund/exercises?10

please put yout score on the comments

infinitives exercises: verbs following directly by a infinitive

well in this first practice I want that you put on practices the ideas given in clases about the use of the infinitives in english. please follow the link and do the online exercises

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-gerund/exercises?02

sentences in english (practices)

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/complex_tests/word_order1/task.php
in teh previous link you are going to find some exercises about the order of the elements in a sentences. please do the task and give me you results

paragraphs II (ing-01)

 
Paragraph WritingWhat is a paragraph?It is a group of sentences that introduces, presents and developsonemain idea aboutthe topic. And it can be divided intothreemajor parts.A.
The Topic Sentence 
It is normally the first sentence of the paragraph.
It conveys the overall point of the paragraph.
It helps the writer focus on the idea written about.
It helps the reader know about what the paragraph is all about.B.



The  Supporting  Details 
They are sentences used to support the main idea stated in the topic sentence.
They give more information about the main idea through examples.
They say in details what the topic sentence says in general.
They should be clear evidence that what the topic sentence says is trustworthy.
They should be strong convincing points on which the topic sentence can rely upon.C.



Concluding  Sentence 
It is a reflection of the main idea pronounced in the topic sentence.
It sums up what the topic sentence and the supporting details talk about.
It is the closing sentence that reminds the readers of what they have to value.
It is compulsory for the completion of the paragraph unity.
It eventually indicates the end of a paragraph.
It prepares the reader for a smooth transition to the next paragraph if there is one.



How to write your paragraph
Paragraph writing consists of many necessary 
elements to be taken intoconsideration before, while and after


BEFORE  WRITING:
In this stage it is important to specify the topic you are intending to tackle.
 Take a sheet of paper and just start jotting down notes that have tightconnection with your topic.

In this stage, mistakes and word-order are to be overlooked momentarily.
After you gathered the data necessary for your topic the next step is to betaken.


Do the exercise about writting propused in the PDF file. posted when you completed it


http://www.autoenglish.org/writing/w.aliens.pdf 

writing paragraphs (ing-01)

in this entry I need that you write 3 short paragraphs trying to follow the steps discussed in classes, in each paragraph intend talking about differents topics.

posted numbered!. (write them on english)

tecnicas de lectura en ingles (ing-01)

AQUI LES ENVIO EL MATERIAL SOBRE TECNICAS DE LETURA Y LOS EJERCICIOS A REALIZAR.

TÉCNICAS DE LECTURA

Considerando el Inglés Como idioma universal para las comunicaciones, especialmente las de carácter técnico-científico, su comprensión de lectura se hace cada vez más importante e indispensable para mantenernos actualizados e informados. Para ello estudiaremos algunas técnicas de lectura y comprensión de textos escritos en Inglés.
A continuación se presentan tres técnicas de lectura de uso común y muy efectivas en cuanto a su objetivo de comprensión. Las técnicas son: Previewing, Skimming and Scanning.

(1) Previewing:
Esta técnica consiste en una revisión preliminar del material de lectura probable. Dicha revisión puede generar una serie de ideas que nos pueden ayudar a decidir si el material en cuestiona nos resulta apropiado y útil a nuestros propósitos y, en caso afirmativo, nos indica cómo abordarlo.
Para la aplicación de esta técnica tenemos varios pasos, entre los cuales figuran:
(a) Hacerse preguntas relacionadas con el título del material; tratando de generar hipótesis del contenido.
(b) revisar el nombre del autor, fecha de publicación y otros datos que identifiquen la obra o el material de lectura (esto con la finalidad de verificar si el material es pertinente o no para nuestros propósitos de lectura o búsqueda de información).
(c) Si es una publicación periódica o libro, revisar el prefacio o la introducción con el fin de buscar información relevante.
(d) Revisar la tabla de contenidos, índice, apéndice, etc. para formarse una idea de la estructura de la obra (si es un libro o novela por ejemplo).
(2) Skimming:

Es Skimmimg: es una técnica de lectura rápida. Se utiliza con el propósito de obtener una idea global del contenido de un texto. Este tipo de lectura es rápida y activa, la mayor atención de la lectura debe estar focalizada hacia la idea general del texto. Para su uso se aplican ciertas estrategias tales como:
(a) Ubicar palabras claves relacionadas al tema del texto a leer.
(b) Ubicar palabras que se repiten.
(c) Ubicar palabras que se parecen al español.
(d) Observar ayudas tipográficas (letras en negritas, resaltadas, títulos, sub-títulos, gráficos, etc.), ya que estos rompen el texto e identifican el contenido de cada parte. Muy a menudo aparecen en negritas (boldeados) las definiciones y los términos clave. Las gráficas y los mapas tienen títulos y/o encabezados que te dicen de que tratan. Todas estas pistas te ayudarán a encontrar la información que estas buscando.

(3) Scanning:
Esta técnica es utilizada con el propósito de localizar información específica (datos, detalles, fecha, nombres, etc.). Consiste en mover rápidamente los ojos sobre la extensión del texto “cazando” la información, es decir, buscando palabras y frases específicas. El objetivo definido es buscar el dato deseado, ignorando el resto del contenido. A esta técnica de lectura también se le conoce como lectura por salteo y se recomienda para mejorar la comprensión y la velocidad de lectura (pues evita la re-lectura de textos extensos) lo que nos permite resolver los ejercicios de comprensión de lectura con mayor eficacia.
Esta técnica es la que aplicamos cuando buscamos un número en la guía telefónica, encontrar fechas, nombres y lugares; también se puede usar para revisar párrafos, tablas y mapas, ya que lo que hacemos es buscar una información específica.
Estos métodos de lectura te hacen captar más fácil grandes cantidades de información en un espacio limitado de tiempo. Estas técnicas también sirven cuando no necesitas conocer el significado de cada palabra para entender el mensaje del texto.












EJERCICIOS

Previewing.
Lea los siguientes títulos y escriba, lo que a su entender, es el contenido del texto al cual pertenecen.

TOTAL QUALITY PRINCIPLES

ISO 9000 CERTIFICATION
________________________________________________________________________

SAFETY SOFTWARE

FUEL SYSTEM

HOT WEATHER OPERATION

AIRCRAFT INSPECTION SERVICE AND INSPECTION PERIODS

CARE OF THE AIRPLANE

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

SERVICING REQUIREMENTS

IMPROVING IN QUALITY MAINTENANCE SERVICE







Skimming

Aplique la técnica skimming para obtener la idea general de los siguientes textos.

An industrial hygienist is a special kina of safety professional who has many duties. For example, if workers in a steel plant complain that their eyes are burning, an industrial hygienist tries to find the source of the problem by sampling the air. The hygienist may discover that the air contains a toxic gas and then, he may determine the concentration and composition of that gas.

Idea general: _________________________________

Formal quality systems are documented in the quality manual. This manual contains company policies and procedures that affect product quality. Quality audits by third parties often begin with the quality manual. Most quality manuals follow a similar format, and they must be updated constantly. Good quality manuals, like the effective system they document, must be customized to the particular needs of the company.

Idea general: ________________________

Electrical energy is supplied by a 14-volt, direct-current system powered by an engine-driven alternator. A 12-volt battery is located on the left-hand forward portion of the firewall. Power is supplied to all electrical circuits through a split bus bar, one side containing electronic systems and the other side having general electrical systems. Both sides of the bus are on at all times except when either an external power source is connected or the ignition/starter switch is turned on; the a power contactor is automatically activated to open the circuit to the electronic bus. Isolating the electronic circuits in this manner prevents harmful transient voltages from damaging the transistors in the electronic equipment.

Idea general:_________________________

let´s practice reading on english

read the following article and answer the questions about it

Benjamin Banneker Historical Park & Museum
A Local Legacy
Do you know who Benjamin Banneker was and what he did?

Benjamin Banneker was a self-educated scientist at a time when most African Americans were slaves. Born a free black man in the British Colony of Maryland in 1731, he received some formal education, but he mostly borrowed books and taught himself science and mathematics. At 22, he borrowed a pocket watch, and without any training, figured out how to carve a working wooden clock that chimed each hour. Because of this clock, he became well known and people would visit him just to see his creation.

Banneker ran his family farm for many years, but when he was in his late 50s, a neighbor's son lent him a telescope. He became interested in astronomy, the study of the planets and stars, and again taught himself a new science. He made calculations of tides, sunrises and sunsets, and even predicted an eclipse. For several years he published an almanac of these calculations. Today, he is best known for publishing six almanacs, called "Benjamin Banneker's Almanac," between 1792 and 1797.

In the 1790s, Banneker also helped survey and lay out the land for Washington, D.C., which became the nation's capital. For a look at Banneker's amazing life, visit the Benjamin Banneker Historical Park & Museum in Ellicott, City, Maryland.

I. Vocabulary words from this article: 

 on your own word define the following words

almanac
astronomy
carve
chime
eclipse
museum
pocket watch
scientist
telescope
wooden

II. Pre-Reading Questions

1. What was the status of most African-Americans in the 1770s?
2. If you had to educate yourself, how would you do it?

II. Post-Reading Questions
3. What subjects did Benjamin teach himself?
4. Which of Mr. Banneker's works is best known?

practicing the traslate aid by computer (ing01)

well in this entry you are goint to select a short paragraph about anything topic and practice traslating as i said you yesterday. be efficient doing, post as the original text as the traslated text.

infinitives-gerunds exercises (ing-01)

please complete the following exercises and post the results!
link 1:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-gerund/exercises?08

link 2:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-gerund/exercises?07

infinitive exercises (ing-01)

well in this first entry I need that you practices your knowledge about how to use the inifinitives. make the exercises and them copy your results in the space of comments

link:
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-11517.php

link 2:

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-60531.php

good luck

como companer un buen parrafo! (ing-01)

primeras recomendaciones: extraidas del blog

http://www.weblog-lab.com/10-formas-de-lograr-un-primer-parrafo-excelente/

Cuál es la segunda parte más importante de tus posts, después del título?? El primer párrafo

El 80% de los lectores abandona los artículos antes de finalizar la lectura.

Un vendedor, sabe que si pretende tener éxito concretando una venta, debe comenzar (sin excepción) con el pie derecho ante cualquier persona con la que trate.
No importa cuán bueno haya sido en su puesto, ni cuánto, ni como, ni que haya vendido antes. Si no causa una buena impresión de entrada, sus chances se verán drásticamente reducidas.

Con la escritura, ni siquiera tienes a una persona enfrente para seguir hablándole y tratando de convencerlo contra su voluntad (como muchos vendedores hacen), así que cada palabra que escribas, suma o resta a la voluntad del que está leyendo.

No importa que escribas el mejor artículo del mundo, es un hecho que la gente escanea cada vez más,

Si tu primer párrafo no hace de buen vendedor
del resto de tu artículo, estas frito!

Aquí tienes, 10 tips para hacer que el primer párrafo de tu artículo arrastre al lector a leer todo el contenido:

1. Cuenta una anécdota, una historia o cita a alguien

A todo el mundo le gustan las anécdotas o historias (mantenlas cortas, es un post). Son una de las mejores formas de comunicarnos y de producir reacciones sentimentales en los demás, simpatía, apatía, risa, bronca, tristeza, etc.

2. Haz una pregunta

Abrir tu post con una pregunta es una estrategia retorica, crea curiosidad y pone al lector a pensar. El pensar puede derivar muchas veces en que enlacen tu contenido, y eso es algo muy bueno para ti.

3. Coloca una imagen en el primer párrafo

Todos sabemos que una buena imagen capta la atención de los ojos, no desaproveches la oportunidad de usarla.
Pero ten cuidado, no olvides que estas tratando de captar la atención desde el primer párrafo para redirigirla al artículo completo, si usas una imagen impactante, pero que nada tiene que ver con el artículo, el efecto se perderá.
Usa una imagen que el lector pueda identificar con el titulo o alguna frase, o que represente una situación que plantees en el primer párrafo o el tema del articulo.

4. Haz un paralelismo o una a analogía

Cuantas veces nos explican cosas sin éxito alguno hasta que viene alguien y nos dice, “es lo mismo que esto otro” y de repente, aunque el tópico no tenga nada que ver, lo entendemos.
Si el punto que quieres exponer te recuerda a algo o te trae a la mente alguna comparación que sirve para que el lector lo entienda mas fácilmente, no dudes en citarla.

5. Usa la imaginación del lector

Por lo general si le describes a una persona algo que puede imaginarse o proyectarlo en el telón de su cabeza, lo hará.
Recurrir a las imágenes mentales es una de las cosas más poderosas que puedes hacer como escritor u orador. Puedes ayudar a que esto suceda usando palabras como “imagínate” “piensa en tal cosa”, etc.

6. Usa alguna metáfora

Las metáforas están entre las herramientas más poderosas de las que dispones para contar una historia o dar un consejo en solo una frase. Es una gran forma de captar la atención y de provocar una imagen mental que permite a los lectores contarse una historia ellos mismos.

7. Cita una estadística sorprendente

Empezar con números o tecnicismos no siempre está recomendado, pero esta es la excepción a la regla, una estadística interesante e impactante es una gran técnica.
A la gente le gusta que le provean datos interesantes, pero únicamente si son originales, sorprendente o shockeantes. Al igual que las imágenes, las estadísticas que citen deben ser relevantes al tema que estas tratando.
2 consejos: no abuses con la cantidad de números, cita cifras de fuentes confiables, y si consigues, utiliza gráficos con estadísticas para un mayor impacto.

8. Cita a alguien experto o famoso

Una frase de algún experto en el tema o un personaje reconocido, puede hacer maravillas en el trabajo de atraer la atención del lector en esos primeros segundos.

9. Escribe un resumen de tu post

Si tu post es demasiado largo o no sabes si a priori va a atraer la atención del lector, pero estas convencido de que es un excelente material y realmente vale la pena llegar hasta el final, adelanta al lector que es lo que va a encontrar, explícale que es lo que verá que hace a tu articulo imperdible.

10. Ten cuidado con los links en el primer párrafo

Particularmente creo que los links son para dar utilidad, valor o crédito, fuera de esos casos, la mayoría de las veces están demás.
Cuando comienzo a leer un artículo y en las primeras tres líneas me encuentro con 2 links planteados como condición para entender el resto del artículo, probablemente lo deje.
Salvo que estés continuando una serie, no coloques links en el primer párrafo que los lectores necesiten visitar para entender el resto del artículo, solo los animaras a abandonarlo mas rápido.

Recuerda, si logras un gran título y un buen primer párrafo, aseguraras la atención del lector para el resto del artículo

bueno como actividad para el dia de hoy quiero que escriban rapidamente un parrafo en castellano, para practicar en las siguentes entradas ya comenzaremos a intentarlo en ingles!

the paragraph: element of a good written text

Elements of a Paragraph

There are three main sorts of sentences that can be used in every paragraph. Introductory, body, and concluding paragraphs all contain topic sentences, followed by detail sentences, and terminated by concluding or transition sentences. Their exact form and content is largely dependant on the context in which they are used. There are, however, unique rules concerning the construction of paragraph sentences which ensure coherence and universality within academic writing as such.

Paragraph sentences can never be constructed with the help of abbreviated forms. They, just like every other type of academic writing, should be written in formal and objective language. Paragraph sentences must be well-constructed in order to render the validity of all arguments in a credible manner. Writers should, naturally, avoid first and second voice perspective.

How to Write the Topic Sentence

Topic sentences are often incorrectly defined as the first sentences in a paragraph. Topic sentences, in fact, can be situated as the second or third sentence. Topic sentence is about introducing the main idea of a paragraph, not about chronology. It should discuss an idea only in generic terms without providing too many details

How to Write Supporting Sentences

Supporting sentences are also called detail sentences and they constitute the body of the paragraph. They, naturally, provide support to the statement or idea expressed in the introductory sentence. They must contain details which help to elaborate on the thought comprised in the topic sentence. They can compare and contrast facts, introduce quotations, and paraphrase secondary sources. They should explore only limited amounts of material and lead toward the concluding or transition sentence.

There will, usually, be no more than 5-8 supporting sentences in one paragraph. Writing supporting sentences, to a large extent, depends on the kind of paragraph in which they are comprised. Read about the Seven Types of Paragraphs to learn more.

How to Write the Concluding Sentence

Writing concluding sentences is, probably, the least complicated task in writing a paragraph. Concluding sentences, so-called terminators, restate the idea of the topic sentence. If possible, they should summarize the paragraph in such a way so as to expose the relevance of supporting arguments in the context of the topic sentence. Writing concluding sentences is, of course, very different from writing transition sentences.

How to Write the Transition Sentence

The purpose of any transition sentence is to show in what way the content of above paragraph will be elaborated on in the following paragraph. Optionally, it can announce the relevance of the above paragraph for the development of its follower. Finally, the transition sentence may serve as a catalyst between two or more ideas which should be discussed in close relation to one another.

Understanding the function of all sentences in a paragraph may take both some time and practice. For more information on the proper construction of paragraphs, see the following articles:

follow the next link:

http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/fwalters/para.html

traslating-composition-reading PRACTICE INGENIERIA 02

in this entry you are going to post your answer to the questionary that was given for the oral presentation, in this practice we put on use several skills on english...post only the 5 answers in english.

reading comprehension practice....

read the following article and answer the questiones mentioned about it.

use the technicles to read (skimming, scaning)

Presidential Elections

This year Americans elect on a new president on November 4th. It's an important event that happens once every four years. Currently, the president is always elected from one of the two main parties in the United States: the Republicans and the Democrats. There are other presidential candidates. However, it is unlikely that any of these "third party" candidates will win. It certainly hasn't happened in the last one hundred years.

In order to become the presidential nominee of a party, the candidate must win the primary election. Primary elections are held throughout each state in the United States in the first half of any election year. Then, the delegates attend their party convention in order to nominate their chosen candidate. Usually, as in this election, it's clear who will be the nominee. However, in the past parties have been divided and choosing a nominee has been a difficult process.

Once the nominees have been selected, they campaign throughout the country. A number of debates are usually held in order to better understand the candidates' points of view. These points of view often reflect their party's platform. A party platform is best described as the general beliefs and policies a party holds. Candidates cross the country by plane, bus, train or by car giving speeches. These speeches are often called 'stump speeches'. In the 19th century candidates would stand on tree stumps to deliver their speeches. These stump speeches repeat the candidates basic views and aspirations for the country. They are repeated many hundred of times by each candidate.

Many people believe that campaigns in the United States have become too negative. Each night you can see many attack ads on the television. These short ads contain sound bites which often distort the truth, or something the other candidate has said or done. Another recent problem has been voter turnout. There is often less than 60% turnout for national elections. Some people don't register to vote, and some registered voters don't show up at the voting booths. This angers many citizens who feel that voting is the most important responsibility of any citizen. Others point out that not voting is expressing an opinion that the system is broken.

the United States maintains an extremely old, and some say inefficient, voting system. This system is called the Electoral College. Each state is assigned electoral votes based on the number of senators and representatives that state has in Congress. Each state has two Senators. The number of representatives is determined by the states population but is never less then 1. The electoral votes are decided by the popular vote in each state. One candidate wins all of the electoral votes in a state. In other words, Oregon has 8 electoral votes. If 1 million people vote for the Republican candidate and one million and ten people vote for the Democratic candidate ALL 8 electoral votes go to the democratic candidate. Many people feel that this system should be abandoned.

q1: How often does the United States hold presidential elections?

q2: What is the 'third party'?

q3How many times has a third party won in the last 100 years?

q4:What must a person do to become a presidential nominee?

q5: Where is the nominee chosen?

q6:What is the main purpose of the debates?

Q7:What is the party platform?

traslating texts ... practice

well guys today we are going to try to practice the art of traslation, using some recomendation that I will give you in class.

use software CAT to make it, and the programm "Word" to review your traslation and post in the comments.

traslating the following article from BBC of London:

Egypt military pledges to

speed up power transfer

Egypt's military rulers have agreed to speed up presidential elections, a key demand of protesters packing Cairo's Tahrir Square.

Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi said on national TV they would happen by July 2012.

He said parliamentary elections due next week would go ahead and that a referendum on an immediate transfer of power would be organised if necessary.

It follows days of protests in Cairo's Tahrir Square over the pace of reform.

Tens of thousands of people continued to pack Tahrir Square on Tuesday evening.

Witnesses said many appeared to reject the military's latest concessions, chanting: "We are not leaving, he (Tantawi) leaves."

The US, in its strongest comments yet on the renewed unrest in Egypt, condemned the use of "excess" force by police. At least 28 people have been killed and hundreds injured since Saturday.

US State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland called on Egyptian authorities to "exercise maximum restraint".

Next week's parliamentary elections are due to set in train a process of transition to democracy following the toppling of President Hosni Mubarak in February.

But many Egyptians fear the military intends to hold on to power, whatever the outcome of the polls.

Under the military's original timetable, presidential elections might not have happened until 2013.

traslate into english:

La muerte de una adolescente conmueve a Francia

La semana pasada, Francia descubrió con emoción el nombre y la linda cara de Agnès Marin. Con apenas 13 años de edad, la adolescente fue llevada a un bosque de una región del centro de Francia, violada y asesinada. Su verdugo luego quemó su cuerpo sin vida.

El caso de Agnès estuvo en la portada de muchos de los diarios del país y estremeció a los franceses. El pasado domingo, más de 4.000 personas participaron en una marcha para rendirle homenaje a la joven víctima en la ciudad de Chambon-sur-Lignon, donde acudía al internado Cévenol.

Error de la justicia

El debate que sacude a Francia y a su clase política se centra en su presunto asesino. Uno de sus compañeros del colegio fue quien guió a los policías hasta el lugar del crimen dos días después de la desaparición de la chica.

Martin tiene apenas 17 años, pero ya había sido imputado en otro caso. Está acusado de haber violado a otra adolescente de 15 años, en agosto del 2010. Después de cuatro meses en la cárcel, expertos en psiquiatría habían considerado que su rehabilitación era posible, y que el joven podía salir libre bajo control judicial.

good luck!

skimming and scanning -reading technicles

Skimming and scanning are two specific speed-reading techniques, which enable you to

cover a vast amount of material very rapidly. These techniques are similar in process

but

skimming nor scanning. Both

different in purpose. Quickly "looking over" an article is neither

require specific steps to be followed.

I. S

SKIMMING

is a method of rapidly moving the eyes over text with the

purpose of getting only the main ideas and a general overview of the content.

A. Skimming is useful in three different situations.

• Pre-reading--Skimming is more thorough than simple previewing

and can give a more accurate picture of text to be read later.

• Reviewing--Skimming is useful for reviewing text already read.

• Reading--Skimming is most often used for quickly reading

material that, for any number of reasons, does not need more

detailed attention.

B. Steps in skimming an article

• Read the title--it is the shortest possible summary of the content.

• Read the introduction or lead-in paragraph.

• Read the first paragraph completely.

• If there are subheadings, read each one, looking for relationships

among them.

• Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph.

a. The main idea of most paragraphs appears in the first

sentence.

b. If the author's pattern is to begin with a question or

anecdote, you may find the last sentence more valuable.

6. Dip into the text looking for:

a. Clue words that answer who, what, when, why, how

b. Proper nouns

c. Unusual words, especially if capitalized

d. Enumerations

e. Qualifying adjectives (best, worst, most, etc.)

f. Typographical cues--italics, boldface, underlining,

asterisks, etc.

7. Read the final paragraph completely.

C. Mastering the art of skimming effectively requires that you use it as

frequently as possible.

D. Skimming can usually be accomplished at about 1000 words per minute.

II.

SCANNING

rapidly covers a great deal of material in order to locate a

specific fact or piece of information.

A. Scanning is very useful for finding a specific name, date, statistic, or fact

without reading the entire article.

B. Steps in scanning an article.

• Keep in mind at all times what it is you are searching for. If you

hold the image of the word or idea clearly in mind, it is likely to

appear more clearly than the surrounding words.

• Anticipate in what form the information is likely to appear--

numbers, proper nouns, etc.

• Analyze the organization of the content before starting to scan.

a. If material is familiar or fairly brief, you may be able to

scan the entire article in a single search.

b. If the material is lengthy or difficult, a preliminary

skimming may be necessary to determine which part of the

article to scan.

• Let your eyes run rapidly over several lines of print at a time.

• When you find the sentence that has the information you seek,

read the entire sentence.

C. In scanning, you must be willing to skip over large sections of text without

reading or understanding them.

D. Scanning can be done at 1500 or more words per minute.